Saffron, Crocus Sativus, or Saffron Crocus is the true saffron as distinct from the Meadow Saffron (or Autumn Crocus) and the False Saffron (or Safflower), which are unrelated. However, since the only part which is not poisonous is the style and stigma (the tiny structures inside the flower, see picture below), it is not feasible to grow this plant at home for medicinal use, though you could use it as an ornamental and conversation piece. The amount of usable saffron in each flower is so tiny that you need a field of the stuff to produce usable quantities – which is why the spice saffron is so expensive. It takes 225,000 stigmas (75,000 flowers) to make 1 lb of saffron spice.
Saffron requires well drained, light, rich soil in full sun. You need to plant the corms 6 inches (15cm) deep (in Fall) for the plant to have a chance of success. In areas with cloudy summers, it is very unlikely to flower. Like most plants which produce corms, once you have a clump established, you can dig it up in Spring and divide the clump of corms to get new plants, which should be replanted at the same depth as before.
If you wish to use saffron for medicinal purposes, you can buy it in most shops that stock spices, including supermarkets. Check that the tips are a slightly lighter color than the longer part, which shows that it has not been dyed to make it look better quality.
Do not keep saffron intended for medicinal use for more than 12 months.
As previously stated, the plant is poisonous and can kill. A dose as low as 5g or about 1/6 ounce of the styles/stigmas (which would cost you around $10) can cause death. It is also not suitable for use by pregnant women or anybody trying for a baby.
All the purposes for which saffron is used medicinally can also be achieved with cheaper alternative herbs, and since saffron can be dangerous, in my view it is not suitable for use by anyone except a registered herbal practitioner. However, to make a standard infusion, soak 6-10 stigmas to 125ml (a half US cup, 4 fl oz) hot water. Steep until it reaches the desired concentration. The maximum dose is a half to one cup daily.
Used to induce sweating in children, to treat chronic uterine hemorrhage, to induce menstruation, to treat period pains, headache, indigestion and colic. Research has shown that it is also effective against cancer, slowing down growth of tumors.
To find out more about growing organic Saffron, visit the Gardenzone.
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